To advance your career you play in the FedEx cup. I don't know the schedule in the game, but I know they don't have all the events that the Pro's play at. Here's the course list for the 360:

Westchester Country Club (new)
East Lake (new)
Cog Hill(new)
Harbor Town (new)
TPC Boston (new)
Sawgrass
Princeville
Pebble Beach
Glenn Abbey
Spyglass
Carnoustie
Pinehurst #2
Riviera
Bandon Dunes
St. Andrews
Firestone

One of the biggest they left out is Augusta.